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Apes --- Apes --- Learning in animals --- Psychology, Comparative --- Learning --- Cognition --- Language --- Behavior, Animal --- Primates --- Psychology, Comparative --- Psychology, Educational --- Communication --- Mental Processes --- Psychology --- Behavior --- Mammals --- Information Science --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Vertebrates --- Behavioral Sciences --- Psychology, Applied --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Chordata --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Animals --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Vertebrates --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Psychology --- Behavior

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Les animaux ont bien changé. Bien sûr on pourrait penser que ce sont nos façons de les voir qui changent. Ce qui voudrait dire qu'il n'y a que nous qui changeons : nous serions les seuls à avoir une histoire, les animaux n'y seraient que les figurants. Or, une autre version semble aujourd'hui pouvoir compliquer cette manière de raconter, une version qui suggère que les animaux changent comme nous et parfois avec nous. Selon qu'elles sont protégées ou chassées, les loutres peuvent être diurnes ou nocturnes. Selon qu'ils entretiennent ou non des relations de paix avec les humains, les corbeaux sont anthropophiles ou très sauvages. Le chien peut se transformer en une sorte de jouet à ressort dans l'expérience de Pavlov ou devenir le compagnon le plus inventif dans une relation qui fait le pari de son intelligence. Selon les situations qu'on leur propose, voire les questions qu'on leur adresse, les animaux pourront ou non déployer certaines compétences. De même qu'ils pourront ou non obtenir que l'on prenne en compte ce qui importe pour eux. Ces situations dans lesquelles humains et animaux entrent en relation sont multiples. Elles vont des pratiques des éleveurs à celles des scientifiques, du vivre ensemble avec les animaux familiers aux difficultés de cohabitation avec les espèces protégées. Chacune d'elles décline des interrogations, des exigences et des difficultés particulières. Mais une question commune les traverse : avec qui voulons-nous vivre et comment ? Les illustrations de ce livre, œuvres de plasticiens, photographes et vidéastes, témoignent des multiples manières qu'ont les artistes contemporains d'entrer en relation avec les animaux.

Human-animal relationships --- Animals in art --- Relations homme-animal --- Animaux dans l'art --- Exhibitions --- Exhibitions. --- Expositions --- Animal behavior --- Psychology, Comparative --- Philosophy --- Human-animal relationships - Exhibitions --- Animals in art - Exhibitions --- Animal behavior - Philosophy

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"This volume comprises essays first presented in the symposium Upper Paleolithic 'Transitional' Industries: New Questions, New Methods on March 21, 2002, at the 67th annual meetings of the Society for American Archaeology.

Paleolithic period --- Stone age --- Human evolution --- Human behavior --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Paléolithique --- Age de la pierre --- Homme --- Comportement humain --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Evolution --- Eurasia --- Eurasie --- Antiquities. --- Antiquités --- Paléolithique --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Antiquités --- Civilization --- Eolithic period --- Old Stone age --- Palaeolithic period --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Ethology --- Human action --- Human biology --- Psychology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Origin --- Behavior

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This introduction to game theory is written from a mathematical perspective. Its primary purpose is to be a first course for undergraduate students of mathematics, but it also contains material which will be of interest to advanced students or researchers in biology and economics. The outstanding feature of the book is that it provides a unified account of three types of decision problem: Situations involving a single decision-maker: in which a sequence of choices is to be made in "a game against nature". This introduces the basic ideas of optimality and decision processes. Classical game theory: in which the interactions of two or more decision-makers are considered. This leads to the concept of the Nash equilibrium. Evolutionary game theory: in which the changing structure of a population of interacting decision makers is considered. This leads to the ideas of evolutionarily stable strategies and replicator dynamics. An understanding of basic calculus and probability is assumed but no prior knowledge of game theory is required. Detailed solutions are provided for the numerous exercises.

Game theory --- Games, Theory of --- Theory of games --- Mathematical models --- Mathematics --- Mathematics. --- Economics. --- Animal behavior. --- Game Theory, Economics, Social and Behav. Sciences. --- Applications of Mathematics. --- Economics, general. --- Behavioral Sciences. --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Math --- Science --- Behavior --- Affaires. --- Game theory. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Management science. --- Behavioral sciences. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis

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Due to an increasing number of reported catastrophes all over the world, the safety especially of pedestrians today, is a dramatically growing field of interest, both for practitioners as well as scientists from various disciplines. The questions arising mainly address the dynamics of evacuating people and possible optimisations of the process by changing the architecture and /or the procedure. This concerns not only the case of ships, stadiums or buildings, all with restricted geometries, but also the evacuation of complete geographical regions due to natural disasters. Furthermore, also ‘simple’ crowd motion in ‘relaxed’ situations poses new questions with respect to higher comfort and efficiency since the number of involved persons at large events is as high as never before. In addition, as a new research topic in this field, collective animal behaviour is attracting increasing attention. All this was in the scope of the conference held in Vienna, September 28–30, 2005, the third one in a series after Duisburg (2001) and Greenwich (2003).

Mathematics. --- Behavioral sciences. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Applications of Mathematics. --- Behavioral Sciences. --- Evacuation of civilians --- Pedestrians --- Crowds --- Ships --- Simulation methods --- Mathematical models --- Abandoning of --- Vessels (Ships) --- Boats and boating --- Shipbuilding --- Persons --- Collective behavior --- Riots --- Civilians, Evacuation of --- Evacuation, Civilian --- Civil defense --- Disaster relief --- Traffic engineering --- City traffic --- Evacuation des civils --- Foules --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVMATHE SPRINGER-B --- Animal behavior. --- Math --- Science --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Behavior --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematics